In this article we will discuss about the Physicochemical Organization of Chromosome. The major chemical components of the chromosomes are DNA, proteins (histones and non-histones) and small amount of RNA. Besides these, calcium and some other minerals are also present. Histones are basic proteins that are charged positively at neutral pH. Non-histone proteins are acidic. Histones are small proteins containing [...]
In this article we will discuss about the heterochromatin and euchromatin in eukaryotic chromosomes. The terms "heterochromatin" and "euchromatin" were given by Heitz in 1928-29, although they had been discovered much earlier. Heterochromatic blocks observed during interphase were earlier termed as pro-chromosomes. The substance of which eukaryotic chromosomes are composed is known as chromatin; it contains DNA, protein and a [...]
The below mentioned article provides a study note on bacterial genomes. Bacteria are very small unicellular organisms that do not contain nuclear envelope, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, mitotic apparatus and nucleolus etc., and divide by fission. Bacteria have a rigid cell wall which surrounds their cytoplasmic membrane. Their cytoplasm contains ribosomes. mesosomes and several granular inclusions. About 1/5 of the cell [...]