After reading this article you will learn about:- 1. Meaning of Radiation Hazards 2. Source of Radiation Hazards 3. Dose and Dose Rate 4. Mechanism Radiation Toxicity 5. Radiation Toxicity. Meaning of Radiation Hazards: Radiation is defined as energy traveling through space. Non- ionizing radiation is essential to life, but excessive exposures will cause tissue damage. All forms of ionizing [...]
In general, harmful effects of antibiotics drug/hormone residues in milk, meat, egg, poultry or fish may be drug resistance, hyper sensitivity, reduced reproductive performance, gastric, respiratory, neurological disease, growth inhibition heart disease, cancer. The addition of antibiotics in meat, milk and eggs must not be permitted. However, if use of antibiotic is necessary (e.g. for the treatment of disease), a [...]
This article throws light upon the three main factors decreasing the bioavailability of drugs. The factors are: 1. Inactivation 2. First Pass Effect 3. Enterohepatic Recycling. Factor # 1. Inactivation: Inactivation by gastric acid enzymes, bacterial flora. Factor # 2. First Pass Effect: Drug absorbed distal to the oral cavity and proximal to the rectum enters the portal circulation and [...]