Biological warfare (BW), also known as germ warfare, is the use of any pathogen (bacterium, virus or other disease-causing organism) or toxin found in nature, as a weapon of war. BW may be intended to kill, incapacitate or seriously impede an adversary. It may also be defined as the material or defense against such employment. The creation and stockpiling of [...]
In this article we will discuss about:- 1. Causes of Teratogenicity 2. Stage Sensitivity for Teratogenicity 3. Mode of Action of Teratogens 4. Administration of Teratogenic Agent 5. Evaluation of Teratogenic Effects. Causes of Teratogenicity: The toxicants which cause teratogenesis are known as teratogenic agents. A gestating-embryo exhibits great dynamicity of the living cells. The embryonic cells multiply and differentiate [...]
An understanding of the mechanisms of toxicity is of practical and theoretical importance. Such information provides rational basis for interpreting descriptive toxicity data, estimating the probability that a xenobiotic will cause harmful effects, designing drugs and industrial chemicals that are less hazardous, and developing pesticides that are more selectively toxic for their respective target organisms. As a result of the [...]