A mRNA may be associated with several ribosomes (polysomes) in a cell actively engaged in protein synthesis. The process takes place in 4 major steps namely activation of amino acids, chain initiation, elongation and termination. Each step is controlled by specific enzymes and cofactors. Step # 1. Activation of Amino Acids: The amino acids are activated by a class of [...]
The following points highlight the eight important steps in maturation of proteins. The steps are: 1. Protein folding and Chaperones 2. Enzymes in Protein Folding 3. Protein Cleavage 4. Glycosylation 5. Modification by Lipids 6. Protein Degradation 7. The Ubiquitin-Proteasome Pathway 8. Lysosome Mediated Proteolysis. Step # 1. Protein Folding and Chaperones: The experiments of Anfinsen and collaborators half a [...]
The processed RNA molecules take part in protein synthesis with the help of ribosomes. All the three types of RNAs are involved in protein synthesis in the following main steps: (i) Activation of amino acids, (ii) Transfer of amino acid to tRNA, (iii) Initiation of protein synthesis, (iv) Elongation of the polypeptide chain. During the process of translation the genetic [...]