The following points highlight the four major parts of respiration of starch or sugar. The parts are: 1. Glycolysis 2. Krebs or Citric Acid Cycle 3. Anaerobic Oxidation of Pyruvic Acid 4. Fate of Pyruvate under Aerobic Conditions. Part # 1. Glycolysis: The reactions of the EMP pathway of glycolysis are given in Fig. 17-2A, B; 17-3. The process may [...]
The following points highlight the two main types of respiration enzymes. The types are: 1. Non-Oxidative 2. Oxidative. Type # 1. Non-Oxidative: Transphosphorylases: These enzymes catalyze transfer of phosphate group, from one kind of molecule to another, or form one carbon atom to other in the same molecule. The presence of magnesium ions is essential for the activity of some [...]
The following points highlight the two main pathways in intermeniary metabolism of carbohydrates. Pathway # 1. Gluconeogenesis: In this process glucose is formed from non-carbohydrate precursors. Thus, citric acid cycle and glycolysis are the main pathways of gluconeogenesis. The substrates can be some amino acids, (e.g., proline) lactic acid, glycerol, etc. Gluconeogenesis from amino acids and some organic acids is [...]