In this article we will discuss about the aperture found in the pollen and spore wall of plants. It is a weak, preformed locus on the exine of spore and pollen through which the intra-exinous substance exits and pollen tube emerges during pollen germination. Apertures may be absent from a pollen grain or spore when they are termed as inaperturate/atreme/non-aperturate [...]
In this article we will discuss about the layers of the spore and pollen wall. Sporoderm stratification (Erdtman's concept): Sporoderm (L. sporodermis), i.e. the spore and pollen wall is composed of distinct layers or subdivisions, the sequence of which is as follows from outside inwards in a fresh pollen grain and spore. Sclerine (Gr. Scleros means hard-Fig. 4.1 A & [...]
LO-analysis is a means to elucidate the details of sexine pattern on the basis of light microscopic observations of a pollen grain and spore at different adjustments of the microscope. The ultra thin section (0.1-0.5 micron thick) and optical section of a pollen grain provide details of sexine. The term optical section refers to the view of a pollen grain [...]