The lower most atmospheric layer is troposphere extending upto 8 to 10 km at poles and 16 to 18 km at equator. The next layer is stratosphere extending from troposphere upto a height of 50 to 55 km. Ozone (O3) is present in stratosphere and, therefore, stratosphere is also called as ozonosphere. It is rich layer of ozone that absorbs [...]
Gustatoreceptors are the organs of taste. These consist of taste buds confined to the tongue, pharynx, roof of the mouth cavity and epiglottis (man has about 10,000 taste buds). In man there are four types of taste buds such as for sweetness, sourness, saltishness, and bitterness. The distribution of these taste buds on the tongue as follows: (a) Sour taste [...]
Bio-surfactants are a chemically unique class of compounds produced by many bacteria and fungi and are used in bioremediation. In terms of chemical structure, bio-surfactants can be divided into several broad groups - glycolipids, lipopeptides, lipopolysaccharides, phospholipids and neutral lipids/ fatty acids. Generally their molecular weights range from about 500-1500, although so many have molecular weight up to 14300. Few [...]