The following points highlight the three main forms of adaptive immune response. The forms are: 1. Humoral Immune Response 2. Cellular Immune Response 3. The Complement System. Form # 1. Humoral Immune Response: It is during the fifth month of intrauterine life that immunoglobulin producing cells appear in the spleen and lymph nodes. Subsequently, both IgM and IgG are synthesised [...]
Immune system is a defense system that enables us to resist infections. The immune system is composed of two types of immunity- the innate or non-specific immunity and the adaptive or specific immunity. The innate immunity is the first line of defense against invading organisms while the adaptive immunity acts as a second line of defense and also gives protection [...]
Antibodies secreted by plasma cells may have several different effects - (1) They may interact with free (i.e., soluble) antigens causing precipitation; (2) They may interact with surface antigens of the pathogen (i.e., particulate antigens) causing agglutination; or (3) They may promote complement fixation. 1. Precipitation of Soluble Antigens: Antigens may have one or more antigenic determinants. If antigens contain [...]