There is some sort of relationship between the numbers, biomass and energy contents of the producers and consumers of different orders in any ecosystem. These relationships, when represented in diagrammatic ways, are referred to as ecological pyramids, which are of the following three types: 1. Pyramid of Numbers: The first attempt to provide a quantitative law concerning the trophic levels [...]
Each ecosystem has spatial and temporal dimensions and perturbation is now considered as an integral component of ecosystem functioning. All ecosystems are subjected to a variety of perturbations, which contribute towards their resilience and sustainability. Ecosystem's response to perturbation results in ecosystem fragility. Some ecosystems are more fragile than others. According to Ramakrishna (2001), the ecosystem of Cherrapunji forest is [...]
It is quite obvious that the different ecosystems are populated by entirely different kinds of organisms, with the possible exceptions of a few kinds of bacteria that may be able to live permanently in many or possibly all ecosystems. Yet the same basic ecological components are present (with the few exceptions discussed below) and function in more or less the [...]