The following points highlight the five main enzymes that are to be used in DNA. The enzymes are: 1. Phosphatases 2. Taq Polymerase 3. Nucleases 4. Reverse Transcriptase 5. DNA Ligating Enzyme. Enzyme # 1. Phosphatases: Phosphatases (Alkaline) are glycoproteins with two identical subunits that hydrolytically remove phosphate groups from DNA molecule. Alkaline phosphatases are used to reduce unfeasible ligation [...]
In this article we will discuss about the process of T-DNA transfer. Once plant exudates activating expression of vir genes and Agrobacterium attach to the plant cells, the T-DNA region in the Ti plasmid undergo excision process to transfer into the plant cells. Excision process involves active participation of vir genes such as virD, virC and virE. Separation of single [...]
The sequence of a deoxyribonucleic acid DNA molecule can be elucidated using chemical or enzymatic methods. Chemical Method of DNA Sequencing: In 1997, Maxam and Gilbert of Harward University discovered this method. In this method, a DNA fragment to be sequenced is radiolabeled at one end of molecule (Fig. 13.15). After denaturation of DNA into single strand, bases are modified [...]