Although a discussion of each of the functions of the Golgi apparatus in different kinds of cells and tissues is beyond the scope of this book, two important examples are discussed below. A list of other well-studied cases is presented in Table 18-1. 1. Formation of the Cell Plate and Cell Wall in Plant Tissues: In plants, the cell plate [...]
The Absorption of Light by Chlorophyll: The absorption of electromagnetic energy by any atom or molecule often involves a shift of electrons from one atomic orbital to another. Each electron possesses energy, and the amount is determined by the location of the electron orbital in space and the velocity at which the electron moves. When an atom absorbs light energy, [...]
1. The Calvin Cycle: The elucidation of the sequence of chemical reactions that result in the incorporation of carbon dioxide into sugars and starches relied heavily on the use of radioactive isotopes. Using 14C-labeled carbon dioxide, it was possible to add 14CO2 at known times to an actively photosynthesizing system, halt the process a short time later, and then identify [...]