The biotic community in the streams and rivers is quite different from that in the ponds and lakes. The differences in the community are largely due to differences in the physical and chemical conditions of their environments. Important basic characteristics of a stream are as follows: (a) Current: The presence of definite and continuous current is the main characteristic of [...]
Freshwater community consists of an array of organisms depending on the physico-chemical and biological characteristics of the freshwater environment. Freshwater habitats are divided into two major categories, lotic (lotus = washed, or running water), and lentic (lenis = calm, or standing water) habitats. Lotic habitats are those existing in relatively fast running streams, springs, rivers and brooks. Lentic habitats are [...]
The final stage of succession is called the climax or climax community (Clements, 1936; Shimwell 1971). It is the final or stable community in a successional series. It is self-perpetuating and in equilibrium with the physical and biotic environment. Climax communities undergo changes in structure as a result of birth, death and growth processes in the community. There are following [...]