In this article we will discuss about the ultrastructure and functions of chloroplasts in the cytoplasm. Ultrastructure of Chloroplast: Chloroplasts of higher plants have disc-shaped or oval structure, 10 µm in length and 2-4 µm in diameter. Algal species contain larger chloroplasts of different shapes, e.g., spiral, cup-shaped, circular bands. The number of chloroplasts per cell is one to two [...]
In this article we will discuss about:- 1. Meaning of Plasma Membrane 2. Structure of Plasma Membrane 3. Functions. Meaning of Plasma Membrane: The membrane enclosing a cell is called cell membrane or plasma membrane (animal cells) and plasma lemma (plant cells). It contains proteins and lipids in the ratio of 80 : 20 in bacteria on one extreme and [...]
The following points highlight the eleven main organelles that eukaryotic cytoplasm possess. The organelles are: 1. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) 2. Golgi Complex 3. Lysosomes 4. Peroxisomes 5. Glyoxysomes 6. Spherosomes 7. Vacuole 8. Centrosome 9. Ribosomes 10. Chloroplast 11. Mitochondria. Organelle # 1. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): Endoplasmic reticulum is a highly convoluted sheet of membranes extending from the nuclear membrane. [...]