The following points highlight the three main functional tests conducted on animals. The tests are: 1. Respiratory Functional Tests 2. Kidney Functional Tests 3. Assessment of Liver by Liver Functional Test. 1. Respiratory Functional Tests: Tests on these functions are often carried out because of their greater sensitivity than morphological changes and also because of their ability to detect reversible [...]
In this article we will discuss about:- 1. Causes of Teratogenicity 2. Stage Sensitivity for Teratogenicity 3. Mode of Action of Teratogens 4. Administration of Teratogenic Agent 5. Evaluation of Teratogenic Effects. Causes of Teratogenicity: The toxicants which cause teratogenesis are known as teratogenic agents. A gestating-embryo exhibits great dynamicity of the living cells. The embryonic cells multiply and differentiate [...]
An understanding of the mechanisms of toxicity is of practical and theoretical importance. Such information provides rational basis for interpreting descriptive toxicity data, estimating the probability that a xenobiotic will cause harmful effects, designing drugs and industrial chemicals that are less hazardous, and developing pesticides that are more selectively toxic for their respective target organisms. As a result of the [...]