In this article we will discus about the organization of plant mitochondrial DNA. The mitochondrial genome of higher plants is the largest and complex among the eukaryotes. However, the plant mitochondrial genome does not contain many genes. The complex nature of plant mitochondrial genome might be due to the presence of many chloroplast sequences in the mtDNA of higher plants. [...]
Structural organization of chloroplast is signified by the presence of double membrane envelope and soluble phase, the stroma, and an internal membrane system, the thylakoids. Both thylakoid and stromal systems are committed for light reaction and carbon dioxide fixation respectively. Chloroplast attains diversified shapes. Higher plants exhibit lens shaped chloroplasts in their cytosol. The size measures anywhere between 5 and [...]
The following points highlight the four main types of vacuoles. The types are: 1. Sap Vacuoles 2. Contractile Vacuoles 3. Food Vacuoles 4. Air Vacuoles. Type # 1. Sap Vacuoles: They are fluid filled vacuoles or vesicles which are separated from the cytoplasm by a selectively permeable membrane called tonoplast. It has a number of transport systems for the passage [...]