The following points highlight four important ways by which HIV devastates the immune system. The ways are: 1. Direct killing 2. Apoptosis 3. Destruction of un-infected cells 4. Destruction of immune precursor cells. Way # 1. Direct killing: When a large number of viruses is produced and buds out from the surface of CD4+ T cell surface, the cell membrane [...]
Everything you need to know about human immunodeficiency virus and aids. Some of the frequently asked questions are as follows:- Q.1. How and when was HIV discovered? Ans:.By 1992, two cancer research laboratories were involved in research to find out the cause of a new disease, later called Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). In 1993, research teams headed by Luc [...]
In this article we will discuss about the structure of immunoglobulins, explained with the help of a suitable diagram. Identification of antibodies in the serum protein fraction was demonstrated in the classic experiments of A. Tiselius and E.A. Kabat in 1939. However, the basic structure of —globulin molecule was revealed by Rodney R. Porter and Gerald Edehman in 1950s and [...]