Assessment of irrigation water charges can be done in one of the following ways: (i) Assessment on area basis (ii) Volumetric assessment (iii) Assessment based on outlet capacity (iv) Permanent assessment (v) Consolidated assessment. In the area basis method of assessment, water charges are fixed per unit area of land irrigated for each of the crops grown. The rates of [...]
This article throws light upon the top seven methods used for construction of wells. The methods are: 1. Digging 2. Boring 3. Driving 4. Jetting 5. Cable Tool Drilling 6. Direct Rotary Drilling 7. Reverse Rotary Drilling. Method # 1. Digging: Wells in shallow and unconsolidated glacial and alluvial aquifers can be dug by hand using a pick and shovel. [...]
The major types of variable displacement pumps are as follows: 1. Centrifugal Pumps 2. Jet Pumps 3. Air-Lift Pumps. Type # 1. Centrifugal Pumps: Centrifugal pumps are the most popular types of variable displacement pumps. They are capable of delivering large volumes of water against high as well as low heads with good efficiency. Besides, these pumps are relatively simple [...]