In this article we will discuss about:- 1. Meaning of Antibodies 2. Structure of Antibodies 3. Classes 4. Mechanism of Formation. Meaning of Antibodies: Antibodies, the magic bullets of the immune system, are glycoproteins formed in response to antigenic stimulation and counteract with antigens with great specificity. The antibodies are found in the serum fraction of the blood and are [...]
The following points highlight the top six applications of monoclonal antibodies. The applications are: 1. Cancer Therapy: Immuno-Toxicology 2. Bone Marrow Transplantation 3. Organ Transplantation 4. Protein Purification 5. Disease Diagnosis 6. Gene Cloning and Expression. Application # 1. Cancer Therapy: Immuno-Toxicology: Generally, most of the tumour (cancer) cells contain additional or new antigens on their surface in comparison to [...]
Most antigens offer multiple epitopes (antigenic determinants) and therefore induce proliferation and differentiation of a variety of B-cell clones, each derived from a B-cell that recognizes a particular epitope. Polyclonal antibodies represent a mixture of antibodies synthesized by variety of such B-lymphocyte (B-cell) clones. The resulting polyclonal antibodies in the antiserum are heterogenous, comprising a mixture of antibodies, each specific [...]