The following points highlight the four main components of innate immunity. The components are: 1. Physical and Chemical or Anatomical Barriers 2. Phagocytic Barriers 3. Blood Proteins 4. Cytokines. Component # 1. Physical and Chemical or Anatomical Barriers: Physical and Chemical or Anatomical barriers that tend to prevent the entry of pathogens are an organism's first line of defense against [...]
Immunology is a branch of science under broad spectrum of Biology which deals with the study of remarkable defense mechanism of the body (completely in vertebrates and partly in invertebrates) against harmful foreign invading agents or particles and to protect body from pathogenic microorganisms and- some severe diseases. We are always exposed to a vast environment which contains different types [...]
In this article we will discuss about the effect and examples of adjuvants. Adjuvants (from Latin adjuvare, to help) are substances that, when mixed with an antigen and injected with it, enhance the immunogenicity of that antigen. Adjuvants are often used to boost the immune response when an antigen has low immunogenicity or when only small amounts of an antigen [...]