In this article we will discuss about:- 1. Introduction to Reticulo-Endothelial 2. Classification, Varieties and Distribution of Reticulo-Endothelial Cells 3. Functions. Introduction to Reticulo-Endothelial: It has been known for many years that if a vital dye (viz., Trypan blue, Lithium carmine, etc.) be injected into a living animal, certain cells engulf the dye particles, whereas other do not. It is [...]
The following factors affect excitability and contractility and therefore alter in various ways, the nature of the simple muscle curve: Factor # 1. Strength and Duration of Stimuli: For stimulation to occur, two factors are necessary—a minimum strength and an adequate duration of the stimulus. Chronaxie, which includes both these factors is the measure of excitability of a tissue. Factor [...]
In this article we will discuss about the structure of respiratory tract of humans with the help of suitable diagram. Also learn about its functions. i. Upper respiratory tract extends from the upper nares to the vocal cord. (Fig. 8.1) ii. Lower respiratory tract extends from the vocal cord to the alveoli. Trachea: The trachea (windpipe) is a cartilaginous and [...]