The following methods highlight the top three methods used in gene sequencing. The methods are: 1. Maxam & Gilbert's Chemical Degradation Method 2. Sanger and Coulson's Dideoxynucleotide Synthetic Method 3. Direct DNA Sequencing using PCR. 1. Maxam & Gilbert's Chemical Degradation Method: In this method the following steps are involved (Fig. 18.17) i. The 3' ends of DNA fragments are [...]
The following methods highlight the two important methods of gene transfer used in plants. The methods are: 1. Indirect Method 2. Direct Method. 1. Indirect Method: Transfer via Agrobacterium: The transformation of a plant can be carried out directly by using Agrobacterium spp. which is a common bacterium causing crown gall tumour in legumes. This bacterium carries a plasmid with [...]
The following points highlight the twelve main approaches to improve traits in transgenic plants. The approaches are: 1. Resistance against the Biotic Stresses Like Insects, Bacterial and Fungal Pathogens 2. Resistance against the Abiotic Stresses Like Cold, Drought, Heat, Acidity, Metal (Al, Hg), Toxicity, etc 3. Herbicide Resistance 4. Improvement in Vitamin Content 5. Improvement in Nutritional Quality and Others. [...]