There are four main physiological mechanism of heavy metal resistance: (a) Inactivation, (b) Impermeability, (c) By- pass, and (d) Altered target site(s). On the other hand, earlier studies reported that fungi tend to survive heavy metal stress either by adaptation or mutation. Not only fungi but few algae such as Stigeoclonium tenue can grow in a zinc-rich effluent and showed [...]
Following are the factors affecting methane production: 1. Slurry: Proper solubilisation of organic materials (the ratio between solid and water) should be 1:1 when it is house hold type. 2. Seeding: In the beginning, seeding of slurry with small amount of sludge of another digester activates methane evolution. Sludge contains acetogenic and methanogenic bacteria. 3. pH: For the production of [...]
In this article we will discuss about the composition of sewage. Sewage is the used and wastewater consisting of human excreta, wash waters, and industrial and agricultural wastes (e.g. wastes from live stock i.e. chicken, cattle, horse, etc.) that enter the sewage system. In general sewage contains about 95.5% water and 0.1 to 0.5% organic and inorganic materials. The solid [...]