Plasmodesma (plural: plasmodesmata) is thin irregular cylinder of cytoplasm lined by plasmalemma, passing through fine pores in the cell walls, thus forming a connection between the cytoplasm of adjacent cells. They are found in higher plants and fluctuate widely in abundance and distribution. They are commonly present in primary pit fields and pit membranes of young and mature living cells [...]
The cell wall is mainly composed of carbohydrate rich materials. The major components of cell wall are cellulose, pectins, hemicelluloses, proteins and phenolics. The cell wall is a biphasic structure consisting of relatively rigid cellulosic microfibril embedded in gel-like non-cellulosic matrix. The microfibrillar phase consists of only cellulose (β1, 4-glucan) and the matrix is composed of non-cellulosic polysaccharides and other [...]
The following points highlight the five phenomenon that takes place because of the chemical changes in the cell wall. The phenomenon are: 1. Lignification 2. Cutinization 3. Suberinization 4. Mineralization 5. Mucilaginous Change. Phenomenon # 1. Lignification: In this phenomenon lignin is the substance of impregnation. Lignin is a phenolic polymer and contains three subunits namely-coumaryl, guiacyl and sinapyl-propane. It [...]