The following points highlight the three important notions of thermodynamics. The notions are: 1. Free Energy Change 2. Application to Chemical Reactions 3. Application to Reactions in Living Organisms. Notion # 1. Free Energy Change: If we consider a system consisting of two compounds A and B which react to give C: A + B → C By reacting, the [...]
In this article we will discuss about the role of protons in the synthesis of ATP in energy transducing membranes, explained with the help of a suitable diagram. It is known that electron carrier chains are implanted in specialized membranes. Whenever an energy recovery and a synthesis of ATP are coupled with the reoxidation of a chain of e- carriers, [...]
In this article we will discuss about the formation of ATP in anaerobic cells. We know that the formation of ATP in the respiratory chain is because it is the most common process in living organisms. The strict anaerobes, i.e. species which can live only in the absence of oxygen (in the ground or mud, for example) are comparatively rare. [...]