In this article we will discuss about the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvic acid. We know that anaerobiosis the pyruvic acid formed during glycolysis reacts with NADH which accumulates to give lactic acid (or ethanol) and thus permits the regeneration of NAD+. But when oxygen is available, NADH is reoxidized thanks to the electrons carrier system, and the pyruvic acid is [...]
The following points highlight the three important notions of thermodynamics. The notions are: 1. Free Energy Change 2. Application to Chemical Reactions 3. Application to Reactions in Living Organisms. Notion # 1. Free Energy Change: If we consider a system consisting of two compounds A and B which react to give C: A + B → C By reacting, the [...]
In this article we will discuss about the role of protons in the synthesis of ATP in energy transducing membranes, explained with the help of a suitable diagram. It is known that electron carrier chains are implanted in specialized membranes. Whenever an energy recovery and a synthesis of ATP are coupled with the reoxidation of a chain of e- carriers, [...]