The following points highlight the three methods of Sexual Reproduction (Para Sexuality) in Bacteria. The methods are: 1. Conjugation 2. Transformation 3. Transduction. Method # 1. Conjugation: It was first discovered in Escherichia coli by Lederberg and Tatum (1946). They found that two different types of auxotroph (nutritional mutants) grown together on minimal medium produced an occasional prototroph (wild type). [...]
In this article we will discuss about:- 1. General Properties of Plasmids 2. Types of Plasmids 3. Replication 4. Incompatibility 5. Library. General Properties of Plasmids: Plasmids are defined as extra-chromosomal genetic elements, occurring chiefly in bacteria and rarely in eukaryotic organisms. In bacteria, plasmids are circular double-stranded DNA molecules which contain genes controlling a wide variety of functions. In [...]
The following points highlight the top four methods adopted for sterilization of bacteria. The methods are: 1. Heat Sterilization 2. Sterilization by Filtration 3. Sterilization by Radiation 4. Sterilization by Chemicals. Method # 1. Heat Sterilization: One of the common methods of sterilization is by application of heat. Bacteriological media, both liquid and solid, are generally sterilized by moist heat [...]