The following points highlight the four main parasitic adaptations of helminths. The adaptations are: 1. Morphological Adaptations 2. Physiological Adaptations 3. Life Cycle Adaptations 4. Immunological Adaptations. 1. Morphological Adaptations: The Helminths, though are of lower grade of organisms, show structural modifications or adaptations along two lines: (a) Degeneration or loss of organs or systems; (b) Attainment of new organs. [...]
In the life history of mosquito there are four stages namely—egg, larva, pupa and imago or adult. (a) Egg: After sexual union the female mosquito lays about 200-400 fertilised eggs in shallow stagnant water. The eggs of Anopheles and Aedes float separately in the water, but the eggs of Culex remain together and float as a single unit. The individual [...]
Cyclops are the most familiar copepod of class-Crustacea. These crustaceans are found in fresh water ponds, lakes and in slight brakish water of the estuary. They are regarded as zoo-planktons. Cyclops acts as intermediate host of guinea-worm, Dracunculus medinensis. The coiled larvae of Dracunculus are released in water by rupturing the blister of human beings. In case of guinea- worm [...]