The following points highlight the two main types of respiration enzymes. The types are: 1. Non-Oxidative 2. Oxidative. Type # 1. Non-Oxidative: Transphosphorylases: These enzymes catalyze transfer of phosphate group, from one kind of molecule to another, or form one carbon atom to other in the same molecule. The presence of magnesium ions is essential for the activity of some [...]
The following points highlight the two main pathways in intermeniary metabolism of carbohydrates. Pathway # 1. Gluconeogenesis: In this process glucose is formed from non-carbohydrate precursors. Thus, citric acid cycle and glycolysis are the main pathways of gluconeogenesis. The substrates can be some amino acids, (e.g., proline) lactic acid, glycerol, etc. Gluconeogenesis from amino acids and some organic acids is [...]
Electron Transport System or Respiratory Chain: The hydrogen and electron transport system comprise many hydrogen and electron acceptors (Fig. 17-6). In fact oxidation reduction reactions in a biological system involve hydrogen and electron acceptors. Both hydrogen and electrons are passed from one acceptor to another. Thus, there are intermediate and final hydrogen acceptors. The final hydrogen acceptor is molecular oxygen. [...]