In this article we will discuss about the biosynthesis of murein. A characteristic polymer that forms the backbone of all eubacterial cell wall is peptidoglycan or murein. Murein essentially consists of parallelly running polysaccharide chains, the repeating unit of which is a disaccharide of N-acetyl-glucosamine (NAG) and N-acetyl muramic acid (NAM) having a tetra-peptide bonded to its lactyl group. The [...]
In this article we will discuss about Electron Transport System (ETS) in living organisms. Catabolism of energy-giving substrates (mostly glucose) up to the stage of pyruvic acid through EMP or EDP yields comparatively small amount of energy in the form of ATP by substrate-level phosphorylation. The anaerobic organisms have to be satisfied with this small amount of energy. But the [...]
The following points highlight the three main heterotrophic reactions operating in different living systems. The reactions are: 1. Reactions in which NADPH2 is Required 2. Reactions Requiring ATP 3. Reactions Requiring no Apparent Energy Source. 1. Reactions in which NADPH2 is Required: Two examples of this type are malic enzyme catalysed CO2 incorporation in pyruvic acid, and synthesis of isocitric [...]