Two separate processes are involved in vocalisation: 1. Phonation 2. Atriculation. Process # 1. Phonation: The whole process is dominated and co-ordinated by speech centre in the cerebral cortex, damage to which will lead to permanent aphasia. Phonation is due to vibration of vocal cords which are folds stretched along the lateral wall of the larynx between thyroid and arytenoid [...]
The term acclimatisation means the adjustment of the human body to suit the climate at a higher altitude. When the ascent is slow and to a moderate height (between 3000 and 4250 metres or 10,000 & 14,200 feet) as in mountaineering, various compensatory process are mobilised to combat the injurious effect and the subject is ultimately adapted to the rarefied [...]
The following points highlight the two main methods of artificial respiration. The methods are:- 1. Manual Methods 2. Instrumental Respiration. 1. Manual Methods: a. Schafer's Method (Fig. 8.43): The subject is laid in prone position and a small pillow is placed underneath the chest and epigastrium. The head is turned to one side. The operator kneels down by the side [...]