The following points highlight the three main types of genetic mechanisms. The types are: 1. Immuno-Genetics 2. The HLA System 3. The Rh Factor. Type # 1. Immuno-Genetics: Genetic mechanisms which control immune responses have opened up an entire new field of immuno-genetics. Basically it is the study of antigens, antibodies and their reactions. An antigen is a substance present [...]
The following points highlight the four main types of chromosomal anomalies. The types are: 1. Autosomal Anomalies 2. Sex Chromosome Anomalies 3. Chromosomes and Spontaneous Abortions 4. Chromosomes in Disorders with DNA Repair Defects. Type # 1. Autosomal Anomalies: The first known case of a chromosomal anomaly associated with a clinical disorder was described by Lejeune. Gautier and Turpin in [...]
In this article we will discuss about the normal and abnormal haemoglobins. I. Normal Haemoglobin: Haemoglobin consists of 4 polypeptide (globin) chains each associated with a single haem group. There are 5-6 types of haemoglobins normally present at different stages of life, from zygote to adulthood. The embryonal haemoglobins (HbE) are heterogeneous and designated Gower-1, Gower-2 and Portland. In the [...]