A typical leaf consists of the following three parts (Fig. 2.55): 1. Hypopodium or Leaf-Base 2. Petiole or Mesopodium or Leaf Stalk 3. Leaf-Blade or Epipodium or Lamina. Essay # 1. Hypopodium or Leaf-Base: It is the lowermost part of a leaf by which it remains attached to the stem or branch. In many cases, it is very difficult [...]
In this essay we will discuss about the basic and applied aspects of studying fossil plants. Essay # 1. Basic Aspect of Studying Fossil Plants: Such studies help us to understand the past vegetation, climate and palaeoecology including the history of plant evolution, biostratigraphy, etc. Some of the important basic aspects of such application are: (a) To Decipher Palaeovegetation and [...]
In this essay we will discuss about the fossil records of different geological strata. Essay # 1. Fossil Records of Pre-Cambrian Era: The Pre-Cambrian includes approximately 90% of the geologic time which covers approximately 4,200 million years (m.y.) of the earth history (Table 1.2). The Pre-Cambrian world was almost certainly as diverse and complex a place as today's world. Most [...]