The following article will guide you about how to calculate pH of a solution. Also learn about the physiological importance of maintaining pH. pH: The pH of a solution is defined as the negative logarithm (base 10) of the hydrogen-ion concentration, i.e., pH = -log [H+] or pH = log (1/[H+]). Calculation of pH: For calculation of pH, [H+] ion [...]
To understand the difference between a crystalloidal and a colloidal solution, one should remember that the forces which keep the solute particles in solution are roughly as follows: (a) Inherent movement of the solute particles, i.e., their diffusibility. (b) Inherent movement of the solvent molecules which continuously dash against the solute particles and thus help to keep them in solution. [...]
Osmotic pressure can be measured in various ways which are described below:- 1. Mechanical Methods 2. Biological Methods 3. Physical Methods. 1. Mechanical Methods: (i) By Putting Weights: The simplest way is to apply adequate pressure (i.e., weight) upon the stronger solution to prevent any rise of volume. That pressure which is just needed to stop the increase of volume [...]