In this article we will discuss about the characteristics of archaeobacteria. All organisms of this group are assumed to be descendent from a common ancestor, the so called progenote and the organisms are primitive, cellular with a rudimentary not well coordinated translation apparatus. The unique feature is in the cell membrane structure. The membrane lipids are glycerol isopronyl ethers due [...]
In this article we will discuss about the classification of pili. Mainly pili are of two types: (a) Common pili which act to adhere the cell to surfaces, and (b) Sex pili which join the other bacterial cell for transfer of genome. Ottow (1975) has classified the pili into the following six groups: Group 1: Fimbriae of this group act [...]
In this article we will discuss about the meaning and functions of capsule. Meaning of Capsule: Some of the bacterial cells are surrounded by the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) which are commonly called capsule or glycocalyx. It forms an envelope around the cell wall and can be observed under light microscope after special staining technique (Fig.4.2). The presence of capsule [...]