In this article, we will discuss about the regulation of gene expression in prokaryotes. The Operon Model: Francois Jacob and Jacques Monod (1961), two French geneticists, discovered while studying bacteria, that the enzymes synthesized by them can be placed in two categories: (i) Those that are synthesized all the time and occur in relatively constant concentrations, such as enzymes of [...]
Let us discuss about the mechanism of gene expression and central dogma of molecular biology. Mechanism of Gene Expression: A gene contains the blue print or code for a particular polypeptide in the form of a specific sequence of its base pairs. It transfers its code to mRNA transcribed from it. The process is called transcription. Other genes transcribe rRNA [...]
Let us make an in-depth study of the formation and functions of nucleotides and also about higher nucleotides. Nucleotides are the building block (monomer) units of the nucleic acids. They constitute about 2% of the protoplasm. A nucleotide is a condensation product of three chemicals - a pentose sugar, a nitrogenous base and one or more phosphate groups. (a) Pentose [...]